What is the function of an inductor in an electrical circuit?

The function of an inductor in an electrical circuit is to oppose changes in current. This property arises from the inductor's ability to store energy in the form of a magnetic field when current flows through it. When there is a sudden change in current, the inductor reacts by generating a voltage that opposes this change, thereby helping to stabilize the current. This behavior is rooted in the principles of electromagnetic induction, defined by Faraday's law, which states that a changing magnetic field creates an induced electromotive force (EMF).

Inductors are especially useful in applications such as filtering and tuning circuits, where controlling the flow of current is essential. By opposing rapid changes in current, inductors help to smooth out fluctuations, which is critical in power supply designs and for maintaining stable operation in various electronic devices.

Other functions or attributes, such as amplifying voltage, storing electrical charge, or converting AC to DC, are characteristics of different electronic components. Capacitors, for example, store electrical charge, while diodes are commonly used for conversion from AC to DC.