What principle does a transformer operate on?

A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which is a process discovered by Michael Faraday. This principle states that a changing magnetic field within a coil of wire induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a nearby coil placed within that magnetic field.

Transformers consist of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary coils, which are wound around a core. When alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field around it. This changing magnetic field then induces a voltage in the secondary coil, allowing for the transfer of electrical energy from the primary side to the secondary side without any direct electrical connection between the two.

In essence, a transformer enables the conversion of voltage levels while maintaining the same power level, thanks to the balance between the incoming and outgoing voltage and current. This fundamental principle is vital for various applications, including power distribution across long distances, where voltage levels need to be adjusted to minimize losses during transmission.